Which term refers to the allowable discounts on health insurance premiums determined by the marketplace?

The correct term that refers to the allowable discounts on health insurance premiums determined by the marketplace is the Premium Tax Credit. This credit is specifically designed to make health insurance more affordable for eligible individuals and families by reducing the amount they need to pay out-of-pocket for their premiums. The Premium Tax Credit can be accessed when people purchase their health insurance through the Health Insurance Marketplace, and it is based on a person's or family's income and household size.

This term is relevant because it connects the concepts of affordability and financial assistance within the framework of the Affordable Care Act. By providing a mechanism for reducing premium costs, the Premium Tax Credit aims to increase access to health insurance for those who might otherwise struggle to afford it.

In contrast, the other terms have different meanings: a Direct Subsidy refers to direct financial assistance not linked specifically to health insurance premiums, Cost-Sharing Reduction (CSR) pertains to reductions available for out-of-pocket costs when seeking medical care, and Agent Commission pertains to the payments made to agents for their services in selling policies, which is unrelated to discounts on premiums directly.